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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of an electronic concept sort of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It is created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first instance of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset category that shares some features of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, that could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of committed computers spread around the globe. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the dual spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can easily be replicated and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. With bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to other people. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with little alternative) bear the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is closely controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been attained. check out here This makes bitcoin more appealing as an asset in theory, if explanation demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory operate in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified by the address of their pocket. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed methods to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their clients before they are allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin usage can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. If a transaction is listed on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, it is impossible to modify.
While this may disquiet a few, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 with an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.